Learning and Spillovers in Place-Based Policy Making

本研究では、国土交通省による「立地適正化計画」に焦点を当て、どの自治体が早期に都市計画を完了させたかを明らかにする。2014年8月に施行された「改正市街地再開発特別措置法」に基づき、各自治体は人口減少社会におけるコンパクトなまちづくりを推進する「立地適正化計画」の策定に積極的に取り組んでいる。2021年12月31日時点で405の地方自治体が計画を策定・公表し、2024年3月31日時点では568の地方自治体が計画を策定・公表しているが、一部の地方自治体では計画の策定が継続中である。一部の自治体では早期に計画策定が進んだ一方で、策定が遅れている自治体もあるが、その理由についてはまだ十分に解明されていない。本研究では、独自の自治体データセットを作成し、政策立案プロセスに寄与する要因を特定する。

This study focuses on “Location Rationalization Plans,” which is one of the place-based policies initiated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan. In accordance with the “Amended Act on Special Measures concerning Urban Reconstruction,” which took effect in August 2014, each local government is diligently engaged in formulating “Location Normalization Plans” to propel compact community development in preparation for a future society grappling with a declining population. As of March 31, 2024, 568 local governments had successfully formulated and published their plans. However, the formulation of plans remains in progress in some local governments. Reasons for the inability of some municipalities to formulate their plans early, while others are still in the process of doing so, have not yet been fully clarified. This study aims to elucidate which local governments have successfully completed their urban planning in a timely manner. Creating an original municipal dataset, this study finds that learning and spillovers are factors that contribute to the policy-making process. Specifically, learning exerts a substantial influence on the decision-making process regarding initiation and the swift development of analogous ongoing policies.