概要
本稿では、新型コロナ危機（COVID-19）下において日本企業を対象に実施した調査をもとに、危機が売上高・雇用・従業員1人当たりの労働時間にどのような影響を与え、またそれらの影響が在宅勤務によっていかに緩和されたかを分析した。政府の緊急事態宣言や感染症への不安による人出の減少は、企業活動を著しく低下させた。人流が10％低下すると、売上高は平均2.8％、労働時間は2.1％減少したが、雇用には影響がなかった。これは、COVID-19による雇用の変化が限定的であったことと整合的である。また、COVID-19以前に在宅勤務を導入していたことで、売上高で55％、労働時間で35％、影響が緩和されたことが分かった。危機的な環境に対応して在宅勤務の従業員を増やすことでも、売上高と労働時間への悪影響を軽減することが分かった。
概要（英語）
Drawing on the original survey of Japanese firms during the COVID-19 pandemic, we estimate the impact of the crisis on firms' sales, employment and hours worked per employee and roles of Work-from-Home (WfH) arrangements in mitigating negative effects. We find that the lowered mobility, induced by the state of emergency declared by the government and fear of infection, significantly contracted firms' activities. On average, a 10% reduction in mobility reduced sales by 2.8% and hours worked by 2.1%, but did not affect employment. This muted employment response is consistent with limited changes in aggregate employment at the extensive margin during COVID-19 in Japan. We find that the adoption of WfH before COVID-19 mitigated the negative impact by 55% in terms of sales and by 35% in terms of hours worked. Adapting to the crisis environment by increasing the number of employees working from home is also found to moderately reduce the negative impact on sales and work hours.
Published: Kawaguchi, Daiji, Sagiri Kitao, and Manabu Nose, 2022. "The impact of COVID-19 on Japanese firms: Mobility and resilience via remote work," International Tax and Public Finance, Volume 29, Issue 6 (2022), 1419–1449.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10797-022-09749-7
