We Must Review the Effects of Policy Measures to Counter Shrinkage of the Child Population and to Empower Women

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Since the late 2010s, the total fertility rate (the average number of children a woman gives birth to during her lifetime) has started to decline again, fueling a sense of crisis over the shrinking population of children. Furthermore, as a result of the population decline, it is becoming more and more important to make efficient use of the labor provided by the working-age generations, including married women. These are in no way new challenges: over the past several decades, various policy measures have been discussed and implemented, including providing support for reconciling childcare with work, and assistance for childbearing families. However, until now, the effects of those policy measures have not been sufficiently reviewed.

A RIETI project "Evaluation of the Effects of Institutional and Environmental Factors on Family Formation, Parental Labor Market Performance and Children's Academic Performance" has conducted research with the aim of providing evidence that can form the basis of better policy planning with a particular focus on matters such as the family formation of working-age and childbearing generations, the performance of those generations in the labor market, and human capital formation among younger generations and children.

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