Current State of Telework: An overview based on micro data of the Employment Status Survey

This study, using the micro data of the Employment Status Survey in 2022, summarizes observations about the current state of telework in Japan and the relationship between individual characteristics and telework. According to the results, first, the telework implementation rate among workers is just under 20%, and more than 90% of teleworkers work from home. Second, telework frequency among teleworkers averages 35%, and the share of telework in the total macroeconomic labor input is about 7%. Third, highly educated workers, workers in the information and telecommunications industry, workers in large companies, and workers in the Tokyo area have higher rates of implementation and intensity. Fourth, males have around 10 percentage points higher telework implementation rates than females, but the gender difference narrows to less than 1 percentage point after controlling for other individual characteristics. Fifth, teleworkers earn 30-40% higher wages after controlling for observable characteristics, but there is no relationship between telework frequency and wages.

The English version of this paper is 25-E-001.