The Time Trend and Life-cycle Profiles of Consumption

         
Author Name KITAO Sagiri (Senior Fellow (Specially Appointed), RIETI) / YAMADA Tomoaki (Meiji University)
Creation Date/NO. May 2023 23-E-036
Research Project Macroeconomic and social security policies under demographic aging: dynamics of firms, individuals and inequality
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Abstract

This paper analyzes the time trend of household consumption in Japan between 1981 and 2020, using microdata from the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES). We examine how the trends in the levels, shares, and growth of consumption vary across categories of consumption, items and age groups, and assess changes in consumption inequality over time. Our analysis shows that consumption inequality mildly increased, driven primarily by the trend of service consumption. Additionally, we estimate the life-cycle profiles of consumption and find that the age component of total consumption follows a standard hump-shaped pattern, but varies significantly across goods and service categories and item groups. Finally, using the estimated age profiles of different consumption items, we project how aggregate consumption and its composition may evolve as Japan’s population ages in the coming decades.