The Over-employment of Regular Employees and their Work-family Conflict

This paper theoretically and statistically analyzes the determinants of over-employment among regular employees in Japan. In addition, this paper clarifies the determinants of work-family conflict among them and in particular its association with over-employment. The analysis clarifies that female mangers/administrators and female salaried professionals are experiencing the greatest difficulty in attaining work-life balance. Regarding the analysis on work-family conflict, we analyze the determinants of the WIF measure that reflects the extent to which "work roles are interfering with family roles," and the FIW measure that reflects the extent to which "family roles are interfering with work roles." While the analysis generally shows that work environments affect the WIF measure and family environments affect the FIW measure, it shows in particular that over-employment and a lack of workplace flexibility strongly affect the WIF measure beyond the influence of work hours.