人工智能和机器人的宏观经济效应：基于调查的概算

This study, based on a survey of Japanese workers, documents characteristics of workers using artificial intelligence (AI) in their job, and estimates the effects of this new general-purpose technology on macroeconomic productivity. The results indicate, first, that the percentage of workers using AI in their jobs is 8.3% in 2024, which is about 1.5 times of the figure in 2023. Second, the more educated and higher wage workers tend to use AI, suggesting that the diffusion of AI may increase inequality in the labor market. Third, the use of AI is estimated to have increased labor productivity of the macroeconomy by 0.5-0.6%. Fourth, nearly 30% of workers expect to use AI for their job in the future, suggesting that the macroeconomic effects of AI will increase. However, the productivity effect of AI for those who have recently started using AI is relatively small, suggesting a possibility of diminishing productivity impact of AI. Fifth, about 9% are employed in workplaces where robots including service robots are in use, and those workers evaluate that the use of robots, both industrial robots and service robots, increases labor productivity of their workplaces by about 20% on average.

The English version of this paper is 24-E-084.