| 作者 | 关根豪政（名古屋商科大学） |
|---|---|
| 发表日期/编号 | 2019年6月 19-P-011 |
| 研究课题 | 现代国际贸易投资体制的综合研究（第IV期） |
| 下载/链接 |
概要
In the realm of trade disputes, Indonesia's presence is gradually increasing. The case at hand is one instance in which a consultation has been requested regarding Indonesia under the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement procedure. This case is significant in that it deals with the issues regarding the amendment of legal instruments that constitute the measure in question during the procedure (the so-called "moving target" issue); the legal assessment of trade restrictions based on the halal requirements (the "trade and religion" issue); and the interpretation of Articles III:4 and XX of the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) as well as Article 8 of the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). Among these, the treatment of halal requirements appears to be the most defining issue in this case. Restricting imports of non-halal products is not necessarily based on scientific evidence and the standards for such restrictions differ between countries. Under such circumstances, distinguishing between a genuinely religious measure and a disguised restriction is a difficult task. While the thorough examination on the details of halal requirements did not unfold in this case, it may serve as an important trigger to think concretely about the relationship between halal requirements and free trade.