企业应对经济安全保障行为的多面性：基于面向制造企业的问卷调查对供应商审查、出口管制应对和投资审查等进行实证分析

This paper studies how rising economic-security concerns shape firms’ global operations—imports, exports, and foreign direct investment. We combine an original survey targeting Japanese manufacturing firms with firm-level data to identify correlates of three responses: (i) supplier switching in foreign sourcing, (ii) export-control adjustments (tightened compliance, destination changes, or suspension), and (iii) revisions to outward and inward investment (cancellation, equity reduction, or withdrawal/divestment). Research and development-intensive firms, firms handling export-controlled products, and firms with greater dependence on China were more likely to engage in these responses. Yet determinants differ across domains. Supplier switching is more likely for upstream firms with higher North American export exposure, suggesting demand-side pressures propagate upstream. Export-control responses depend strongly on implementation capacity, proxied by the scale of international business functions and use of government information support. Investment-related revisions are rare but appear when technological/regulatory risks overlap with geopolitical risks in today’s policy environment.