Transplanting Corporate Culture across International Borders: FDI and female employment in Japan

この論文では、海外資本が男女格差や雇用慣行に与える影響を分析する。外資系企業では国内資本企業に比べて、同規模同業種であれば、女性社員比率、女性管理職比率、女性部長比率、女性役員比率は高く、男女賃金格差は小さい。また、外資系企業は、国内資本企業に比べて、フレキシブルでファミリー・フレンドリーな施策（在宅勤務制度、保育施設・保育補助など）を持っている。外資系企業と国内資本企業との差は、古くからの外資系企業、外資比率が高い企業でより顕著である。この結果は、海外子会社に企業文化を移植するには時間がかかり、また、外資比率の高さが企業文化の移植を促進するということを示している。

This paper examines the effect of foreign ownership on gender-related employment outcomes and work practices in Japan. The data indicate that the proportion of females among workers, managers, directors, and board members is higher, and the gender wage gap is smaller, in foreign affiliates than in domestic firms of comparable size operating in the same industry. Foreign affiliates are also more likely to offer flexible working arrangements, telecommuting, and child care subsidies. These effects are mostly visible in older affiliates and are more pronounced in affiliates with a larger foreign ownership share. These patterns are in line with the view that it takes time to transplant corporate culture to an overseas affiliate and that a higher ownership stake may facilitate this process.